Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition that affects the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms including fatigue, muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, and mobility challenges. MS occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective sheath (myelin) around nerve fibres, leading to inflammation and scarring, which disrupts nerve signal transmission. This can result in sensory changes, vision problems, bladder and bowel dysfunction, cognitive difficulties, and mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. While there is no cure for MS, physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing symptoms, improving function, and enhancing overall quality of life.
Types of Multiple Sclerosis
MS presents in different forms, each with unique patterns of progression:
- Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS): The most common form, characterised by episodes of new or worsening symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remissions).
- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS): Develops in individuals initially diagnosed with RRMS, where symptoms gradually worsen over time with fewer or no relapses.
- Primary Progressive MS (PPMS): A less common form where symptoms gradually worsen from the onset without distinct relapses or remissions.
- Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS): The rarest form, featuring steadily worsening symptoms with occasional relapses.
MS in the UK: Key Facts
- Over 130,000 people in the UK live with MS, with around 7,000 new diagnoses each year.
- MS is nearly three times more common in women than men.
- The condition is most often diagnosed in people in their 20s and 30s, affecting their working and personal lives.
- The UK has a range of MS support services, including the MS Society and MS Trust, offering guidance and advocacy.
- MS symptoms vary widely among individuals and can fluctuate over time, making it a highly unpredictable condition.
How Physiotherapy Supports Individuals with MS
Improving Mobility and Balance
MS can impact balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. Physiotherapists develop tailored exercises to enhance core stability, improve gait, and strengthen muscles, helping individuals move more safely and confidently.
Reducing Muscle Stiffness and Spasticity
Muscle stiffness and spasms are common in MS. Physiotherapy interventions, such as stretching exercises, joint mobilisations, and positioning techniques, can help reduce discomfort and maintain flexibility.
Enhancing Strength and Endurance
Muscle weakness, particularly in the lower limbs, can make daily activities challenging. A structured physiotherapy programme focuses on strength-building exercises to maintain function and prevent deconditioning, ensuring individuals remain as independent as possible.
Managing Fatigue
Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of MS. Physiotherapists guide patients in energy conservation techniques, pacing strategies, and gentle exercise routines to boost stamina without overexertion.
Addressing Respiratory Function
In some cases, MS can affect respiratory muscles. Physiotherapy includes breathing exercises and techniques to maintain lung function and reduce breathlessness.
Supporting Daily Activities and Independence
Simple tasks like dressing, walking, or getting out of bed can become difficult. Physiotherapists provide practical strategies and adaptive equipment recommendations to make everyday activities easier and safer.
Personalised Physiotherapy for MS
No two individuals with MS experience the condition in the same way. Physiotherapists work closely with patients to create bespoke treatment plans that align with their unique needs, symptoms, and goals. Whether the focus is on mobility, pain relief, or maintaining function, physiotherapy offers a proactive approach to living well with MS.
Final Thoughts
Living with MS presents challenges, but physiotherapy provides valuable support in managing symptoms, promoting independence, and improving overall well-being. If you or a loved one is living with MS, seeking physiotherapy can be a transformative step towards a more active and fulfilling life.
For more information or to book an assessment, contact our expert physiotherapy team today. For more information and to book your physiotherapy appointment, please contact us at 0330 335 1016 or fill out our contact form, and we will get back to you promptly.