Scoliosis is a medical condition caused by an abnormal curvature of the spine. A scoliosis is a curve from side to side and can also be described as an S Curve. If the curvature looks more like a letter C, that is, back to front, then it is known as a kyphosis. This condition can be both physically and emotionally challenging for those who experience it, particularly during the crucial growth years of adolescence. While scoliosis can vary in severity, physiotherapy can help to manage and treat the condition, offering hope and improved quality of life.
Normal anatomy of the spine
The spine is not normally straight and consists of four curves, which are all natural and allow for us to function in an upright position. These curves allow stability and performance and allow control in our middle such that we are able to carry out complex movements with our limbs. The four curvatures are cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral. Sometimes, the degree of curvature changes over time affecting strength, core control and function. Spinal curvatures can also be painful and lead to other complications.
Some degree of curvature may occur as part of the natural process of aging. This is often secondary to osteoporosis, especially if untreated, and is aggravated by poor postures in sitting, unsupportive seating or wheelchairs. Severe curvatures in the elderly will compromise the function of the lungs and heart, as well as complicate balance and walking, but also affect swallowing, breathing, vocalisation and maintaining eye contact.
Causes of scoliosis/kyphosis
There are various types of scoliosis, including idiopathic scoliosis (of unknown cause), congenital scoliosis (present at birth), and neuromuscular scoliosis (resulting from neurological or muscular disorders). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, typically appearing during adolescence.
The degree of curvature can vary greatly from one individual to another. Mild cases might cause little to no discomfort, while severe cases can result in pain, deformity, and difficulty with breathing and other vital functions. Traditional treatments for scoliosis range from strengthening and improving postural awareness to bracing or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.
The Role of Physiotherapy in Scoliosis Management
Physiotherapy is a non-invasive treatment approach aimed at improving a patient’s physical function and overall quality of life. When applied to scoliosis, it addresses several key aspects:
- Postural Awareness and Alignment – Physiotherapists are experts in assessing posture and alignment. They work with scoliosis patients to help them become aware of their posture and make the necessary adjustments to reduce the strain on their spine. This often includes teaching patients how to maintain a more balanced and aligned position in their daily activities. Assessment of functional performance at work, school or at home may also flag other issues where the physiotherapist may be able to give advice.
- Strengthening Exercises – One of the primary goals of physiotherapy in scoliosis management is to improve the strength of the muscles that support the spine. By developing a customised exercise program, physiotherapists target specific muscle groups to help maintain spinal stability and reduce the progression of the curvature. Strengthening the core, back, and shoulder muscles can significantly benefit scoliosis patients.
- Flexibility and Range of Motion – Physiotherapy can also focus on enhancing the flexibility and range of motion in the spine and associated joints. This can help in reducing pain and discomfort and prevent stiffness associated with scoliosis.
- Pain Management – For individuals with scoliosis, pain is often a daily companion. Physiotherapists can provide techniques for pain relief, such as manual therapy, heat or cold therapy, and electrical stimulation. Additionally, they teach patients how to manage their pain independently.
- Respiratory and Cardiac Function – Severe scoliosis compress the chest cavity and reduce lung capacity and cardiac function. Physiotherapists work with patients on breathing exercises to maximise respiratory function and quality of life. They will also provide progressive exercise programmes to maintain or improve strength without putting strain on the cardiovascular and breathing systems.
- Education and Emotional Support – Beyond the physical aspects of scoliosis, physiotherapists play a crucial role in educating patients about their condition and empowering them to take control of their health. This emotional support is vital for individuals dealing with a chronic condition like scoliosis.
Benefits of Physiotherapy for Scoliosis
- Non-Invasive – Unlike surgery or bracing, physiotherapy is non-invasive, making it a safe and attractive option for individuals with mild to moderate scoliosis. Physiotherapists will also work with patients that do need bracing or surgery to facilitate their recovery.
- Improved Quality of Life – Physiotherapy helps scoliosis patients manage their condition effectively, reduce pain, and maintain an active and fulfilling life.
- Reduced Progression – Physiotherapy can help slow the progression of scoliosis in some cases, reducing the need for more invasive treatments. In adolescent scoliosis, physiotherapists are integral in supporting young people through ongoing assessment and treatment programmes and feeding back to the orthopaedic teams so that further interventions can happen at the right time.
- Pain Management – Through a combination of exercises and pain-relief techniques, physiotherapy can significantly alleviate discomfort and improve overall well-being.
Physiotherapy is a valuable tool in the management of scoliosis. By focusing on posture, strengthening, flexibility, pain management, and emotional support, our physiotherapists at the Home Physio Group can help scoliosis patients lead healthier and more comfortable lives.
For more information please contact us on 0330 335 1016 or alternatively please fill out our contact sheet and we will get back to you